Rough Edges
In Spanish, the last thing you want to hear is “It’s a subjunctive thing.” In Turkish, the last thing you want to hear is “It’s a participial thing.”
“Evde adam peynir yiyor.” = “In the house, the man is eating cheese.”
“Evdeki adam peynir yiyor.” = “The man who is in the house is eating cheese.”
The above sentences are of course subject to possible rookie translation errors, but the idea is there. In English, we have that/which/who. Spanish does this a lot with que, to the point that we as English speakers don’t really have to worry about the grammar too much when we’re learning it.
Turkish of course handles this case with suffixes, like virtually everything else.
Typically the third-person singular of a verb tense doubles as the participle, so “tren duracak” = “the train will stop” is pretty much the same as “the stopping train” or “the train that is stopping” or “the train that will be stopping.” In a language that is effectively spoken in backwards order to English, this gets a bit twisty for the mind.
I think that making participles more inline is actually easier for cognition in native speakers, but it makes for some confusion coming in from the outside.